Abstract-Immigration and its consequences in recent years have been considered as one of the important social issues in the iran, so it is a challenging problem for public administrators. Analysis of the net immigration in thelast three decades,, major demograpich links of west Azerbaijan province with other provinces in the recent decades, and the reason for urban and rural immigration in this province have been discussed in the detail. More than 65 percent of population exchange of the province is only with three provinces : east Azerbaijan, Tehran and Kurdistan. In this research the role of distance as a key influential factor in the quantity and quality of population exchange between the west Azerbaijan province and other provinces has been observed statistically. The results of pearson and pearson regression coefficient indicate a reverse and meaningful relationship between distance and population exchange. Keywords : immigration west Azerbaijan, interprovincial immigration, the reasons of immigration.