Nucleic acid, the DNA and RNA is a poly nucleotide chain consist of four different kinds of nucleotides. protein is a polypeptide chain of amino acids. proper and correct sequencing of DNA and protein is an important and time consuming challenge in genomic. the field of bioinformatics revolves around analyzing and exploiting the information in DNA sequences. research develop and use various heuristics methods and algorithms to get optimal DNA and protein sequences. comparison of two sequences point by point or cell by cell to discover similarity. some of them give good results buy are still not perfect. it predicts the structure and function of proteins, the relationship between proteins and gene interaction of linkage. this review is focused on all kind of computer algorithms and techniques used for sequence alignment and prediction. it gives us a clear picture of current progress and future trends in this field. i have to focus on the merits and optimization of each algorithm.